Engleski jezik 1 (N.V)

c)

As so often in 1)....................... the new chapter came by water. It is 2)........................ that Spanish 3).............................. here. 4).................... formidable Armada of 1588 should have brushed aside the English opposition on the seas. His armies, 5)........................ and most successful in Europe , would almost certainly have found little to match them on a march to a largely 6)................... London. It seemed no contest. We know that 7)....... God or bad weather, superior English seamanship or a combination of all three checked his attempt, but 8) .................. the danger 9) ......................... , so much so 10)..................... Elizabeth I - a monarch by divine right - took to horse and went to the port of Tilbury near 11)............................ .

There, before a great crowd and the ships and crew who would determine the future of her kingdom, she used English to raise confidence, lift up their spirits, in superb rhetoric, 12) ....................... she 13) ........................ by her Cambridge tutor, Roger Ascham. Mounted on her horse, in the middle of the army she spoke in 14) ...................... English.

From M. Bragg's The Adventure of English

1) a) history of the English b) history of English

c) the history of English d) a history of English

2) a) worthy remembering b) worth to remember

c) worthy to remember d) worth remebering

3) a) could have settled here b) must have settled here

c) needn't have settled in d) was to have settled here

4) a) Philip II b) Philip's II c) Philip's II's d) Philip II's

5) a) the best trained b) best trained c) the best training d) best training

6) a) undefending b) defended c) defending d) undefended

7) a) a b) the c) x

8) a) at a time b) at the time c) at time d) in the time

9) a) has been acutely felt b) was acutely feeling

c) has been acutely feeling d) was acutely felt

a)  a) than b) then c) that d) what

b)  a) the mouth of Thames b) mouth of the Thames

c) mouth of Thames d) the mouth of the Thames

c)  a) the art of what b) art of which c) the art of whose d) the art of which

d)  a) has been taught b) has been teaching c) had been taught d) was teaching

e)  a) inspired b) inspire c) insprirationally d) inspirational

d)

Studying Culture in the Field

How 1)............... an anthropologist study culture in the field? Culture, 2).............. a set of rules and standards, cannot 3)................... be directly 4)..................; only actual behaviour is 5)....................... What the anthropologist must do is to abstract a set of rules from 6)............... is 7)................... in order to explain social behaviour.

To pursue this further, consider the following discussion of exogamy - marriage outside 8) ................. own group - among Trobriand Islanders, as described by Bronislaw Malinowski.

... The natives show horror at the idea of 9)..................... the rules of exogamy and they believe that sores, diseases, even death 10) .............. follow clan incest. But from the point of view of the native libertine, suvasova (the breach of exogamy) is indeed a 11) ................... and spicy form of erotic experience. 12)............... m/Most of my informants would not only admit but did actually boast about 13)................... these offences.

Malinowski himself determined that although such breaches did occasionally occur, they were much less frequent 14) ................. gossip would have it. 15).................. Malinowski relied solely on 16)................... Trobrianders told him, his description of their culture 17) would ............................. inaccurate. The same sort of discrepancies between cultural ideals and 18)................. way people really do behave 19).............. be found in 20).................... culture.

From these examples, it is obvious that an anthropologist 21) .............. be cautious, 22)................. a realistic description of a culture is 23)..................... . To play it safe, data drawn in three different ways 24)...................... . First, the 25)........................ own understanding of the rules they share - that is, their notion of the way their society ought to be considered . Second the extent to 26)

....................... people believe they are observing those rules - that is, how they think they actually do behave. Third, the behaviour that can be directly observed should be considered - in the example of the Trobrianders, whether or not the rule of suvasova is actually violated. As we see here, the way people think they should behave, the way in which they think they do behave, and the way in which they actually behave 27) .......... be three distinctly different things. By 28) ......................... these elements, the anthropologist can draw up a set of rules that may explain the acceptable behaviour within a culture.

From William Haviland's Cultural Anthropology

1) a) do b) has c) x d) does

a)  a) being b) been c) is d) to be

b)  a) themselves b) himself c) itself d) oneself

c)  a) observe b) observing c) being observed d) observed

d)  a) observable b) observing c) observation d) observe

e)  a) which b) that c) what d) whose

f)  a) seen or heard b) saw or heard c) seeing and hearing d) see and heard

g)  a) one's b) ones c) once d) one

h)  a) violation b) violating c) violate d) being violated

i)  a) should b) dare c) ought to d) might

j) a) special interesting b)specially interested c)specially interestingd)especial interesting

k)  a) the b) a c) x

l) a)having been committed b) being committed c) have committed d) having committed

m)  a) then b) that c) than d) rather than

n)  a) had b) has c) did d) was

o)  a) which b) what c) that d) whom

p)  a) had been b) has been c) have been d) been

q)  a) a b) the c) x

r)  a) can b) dare c) can to d) need

s)  a) some b) all c) no d) any

t)  a) may b) might c) can d) must

u)  a) on condition b) provided c) unless d) if

v)  a) to have been giving b) to be given c) to have given d) to give

w)  a) ought to consider b) ought to have considered

c) ought to be considering d) ought to be considered

x)  a) people's b) peoples' c) people

y)  a) what b) that c) which d) whose

z)  a) may b) used to c) ought to d) must

aa)  a) careful evaluating b) carefully evaluated

c) careful evalute d) carefully evaluating